This project explores the development of a bio-based leather alternative using cellulose and tree-derived materials. 

The starting point was an interest in leather as a material, but also an awareness of the ethical and sustainability issues of both animal leather and synthetic vegan alternatives. Therefore, the aim was to explore a material that keeps the textural and visual qualities of leather while being bio-based. The concept developed around birch, since it is locally available and contains naturally hydrophobic components. 

Lignin became a key ingredient, as it acts as a natural binder, increases water resistance, and creates a colour and texture that feels surprisingly leather-like.

The final material combines cellulose, pulp, glycerol, and lignin to create a flexible bio-leather. For the surface treatment, traditional leather processes were used as a reference, especially birch tar waterproofing. Birch bark was processed through pyrolysis to produce tar, which was then applied together with a wax coating.

The tar improved the material’s water repellency. The project connects bio-based material development with traditional knowledge, focusing on local resources and exploring alternatives to conventional leather. 

I am currently developing this project further, testing it on water repellence and durability, intending to apply it to functional textile and accessory design.